Non-European Art –The Essentials					April 2014

Islamic Art

Ilkhanid Mihrab, 1354-55, Isfahan, Iran (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXNFjOhrihI&index=2&list=PL3DA7CE9E3C8EC115
Mimar Sinan, Rüstem Pasha Mosque, Istanbul, 1561-63 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8WMx_TmEyQ&list=PL3DA7CE9E3C8EC115

Start by watching these two videos…

Islamic Culture and Religion

Review pages 348-349—“The Life of the Prophet Muhammad”

Not required:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX3UHNhQ1Zk

Prophet Muhammad and the Rise of Islam 
PBS Documentary—Empire of Faith: Parts I-IV

Architecture:
See Glancey, pages 46-49
See Stokstad, pages 350, 351, 352, 
                                 354-358

What is a mosque?

What is a mihrab?
What is the purpose of the mihrab?
How is a mihrab related to the Christian apse?
What is similar to the mihrab that one would find in a Jeiwsh synagogue?
What did the Romans use to signify the importance of their gods or ancestors?

What is a qibla wall?
What is an iwan?

What is a muqarna?
What is a squinch?

What is a minaret?
How is a minaret related to a campanile?

the oldest surviving Islamic sanctuary
the holiest site in Islam after Mecca and Medina

Judaism: Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac at this site
Christian: site associated with the creation of Adam and the site of the Temple built by Solomon

Dome of the Rock
c. 687-691

Also significant…
The Alhambra, Spain 1338-1390
Mosque of Cordoba, begun 785 CE

Paintings/Works on Paper

Why are there no figurative images depicted in Islam?

What is a tugra?

Illuminated tugra of Sultan Suleyman, from Istanbul, Turkey
c. 1555-1560
ink, paint, and gold on paper

**How can a ruler make sure that the power at the center of the empire is deployed at its edges?
**What is the function of this work of art?

The Islamic Ottoman Empire was moving from being a military world to an administrative one. Suleiman the Magnificent was a contemporary of Henry VIII in England and Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor. 
The tugra becomes a way that Suleiman the Magnificent can make sure that his power is deployed all the way to the edges of his empire. He issued over 150,000 edicts/laws/directives—each one bore his tugra.

Not required:
BBC: A History of the Word in 100 Objects
Episode 71: Tughra of Suleiman the Magnificent
Podcast
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/awykYG5tT-2zbY_SlZUufw
Trancript (the podcast written out)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/about/transcripts/episode71/

Non-European Art –The Essentials					April 2014

Assorted Architecture:

Tepees
See Stokstad, page 887
Why is this design so useful?

Mayan Temples   5th-7th century CE
Palenque, Mexico
See Stokstad, pages 458-459
See Glancey, pages 92-97

What did they use their pyramids for?

Pueblos
How are the Pueblos linked to the Anasazi?

Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico
Anasazi culture c. 900-1230 CE
See Glancey, pages 92-97

The Forbidden City
Bejing, 1406-1420
See Glancey, pages 102-104

Inka Masonry
Machu Picchu, Peru
1450-1530
See Glancey, pages 92, 96-97
See Stokstad, page 883

Maori meetinghouse
New Zealand  1842-43
wood, shell, grass, flax, pigments
What is its purpose?
See Stokstdad,pages 909-910

Non-European Art –The Essentials					April 2014

India Art

Four Buddhas at the American Museum of Natural History http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHt6BgHxa8o&list=PL440AD6D737AB252F

Start by watching this video…

The Great Stupa, 
3rd century-1st century BCE (200-10 BCE)
What is a stupa?
What is its purpose?
How does a worshipper use a stupa?

See Stokstad, 382
See Glancey, 113

What is a gopura?
What is its purpose?
What religion is linked to the gopura?
See Stokstad, 829.

20-1 Taj Mahal, Agra, India
Mughal period

20-7 Taj Mahal
What is the purpose of the building?
What religion was the patron?
Who was the patron?

See Glancey, pages 114-115
See Stokstad, pages 832-833
See below for six minute video clip….

The Story of India
Episode 5: The Meeting of Two Oceans
Taj Mahal  -- 40:00-46:00**      http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gmk5T1PLKE4

Jahangir in Darbar
Abul Hasan and Manohar
Mughal period  c. 1620
gouache on paper
Stostkad, page 1100

Compare to the work of the 
Limbourg Brothers
Tres Riches Heures           1413-1416

Not required:
BBC: A History of the Word in 100 Objects
Episode 41: Seated Buddha from Gandhara
Transcript: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/about/transcripts/episode41/
Podcast : http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/lp9wEwU9RrC4De5WrDawtg

BBC: A History of the Word in 100 Objects
Episode 68: Shiva and Parvati
Transcript: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/about/transcripts/episode68/
Podcast : http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/cn3fuuQCRC2k27batpa0dg

BBC: A History of the Word in 100 Objects
Episode 82: Miniature of a Mughal Prince
Transcript: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/about/transcripts/episode82/
Podcast : http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/NX_DyGYwQZOOxALBG5MWTA

Non-European Art –The Essentials					April 2014
Art of the Ancient Near East 

Start by watching these videos…
Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, 2254-2218 B.C.E.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OY79AuGZDNI&list=PL26A5D7AA0F7CE7E7&index=5
Law Code Stele of King Hammurabi, 792-1750 B.C.E.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_w5NGOHbgTw&list=PL26A5D7AA0F7CE7E7
Ashurbanipal Hunting Lions (Assyrian)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5iEY4hapMQ&list=PL26A5D7AA0F7CE7E7
Ishtar Gate
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2iZ83oIZH0
Human-headed winged lion and bull (lamassu), 883--859 B.C.E.   (OUT OF FOUCS!!! But content is good!)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pwfuHY-AjI

See Stokstad, pages 66-90

Questions

1.	Why do the votive figures have proportionally enormous eyes? 

The Ziggurat of Ur
c. 2100-2050 BCE in Modern Iraq

2.	What is a ziggurat?

What is the symbolic function of a ziggurat?

3.	What is the political purpose of a ziggurat?

Stele of Naramsin
c. 2254-2218 BCE   Akkad

4.	Why is Naramsin so much bigger than the other figures in the relief?

5.	What is hieratic scale?

Stele of Hammurabi
c. 1792-1750 BCE

6.	Who are the two men at the top of the stele?

7.	What is the significance of this stele?

8.	
Human-Headed Winged Lion
Lamassu
c. 883-859 BCE

What was the king’s role? 

9.	What is a lamassu?  

10.	Why is a lamassu large—usually twice a man’s height?

11.	What is the purpose of the lamassu? 

Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions
c. 850 BCE

12.	What does lion killing symbolize?

13.	How does the image of a king killing a lion help that king?

14.	Why is cuneiform writing significant?
Stokstad, page 71.

15.	Why is the Lydian King Croesus significant?
Stokstad, page 90.

Non-European Art –The Essentials					April 2014

Prehistory and Prehistoric Art in Europe
chapter 1

1-4 Woman from Willendorf
Austria 
c. 22,000-21,000 BCE  (Upper Paleolothic)
4.5 inches  limestone

Stokstad, page 46

1-22 Figures of a woman and a man, from Cernavoda, Romania  
Seated Woman and Man
c. 3500 BCE (Neolithic)
4.5 inches   ceramic

Stokstad, page 61

1-18 Menhirs, Carnac  
c. 4250-3750 BCE (Neolithic)

Stokstad, page 58

Important Images 

1-19 Stonehenge
c. 2750-1500 BCE (Neolithic)

Stokstad, page 59

Important Concepts

•	post & lintel construction

•	the development of ceramics

•	the influence of belief on history
Are the Lascaux cave paintings
1.	a record?
2.	a vision?
3.	an act of empowerment?

What does spitting have to do with prehistoric art?
Stokstad, page 46

Non-European Art –The Essentials					April 2014

Art of Ancient and Modern Africa 

Important Images 

13-4 head of a king
Yoruba c. 13th century CE
zinc brass
See Stokstad, page 476

13-5 head said to represent the Usurper Lajuwa
Yoruba c. 1200-1300 CE
terra cotta
See Stokstad, page 476

13-6 memorial head
Benin Early Period   c. 1400-1550 CE
brass
See Stokstad, page 477

13-9 mask representing an iyoba (queen mother)
Benin Middle Period   c. 1550 CE
ivory, iron, copper

Important Images 

25-2 doll from Burkina Faso 
Mossi culture    mid-20th century    wood
See Stokstad, page 919

25-7 spirit figure from Burkina Faso 
Lobi culture    19th century     wood
See Stokstad, page 923

25-9 spirit spouse from Cote d’Ivoire
Baule culture   early 20th century   wood
See Stokstad, page 9924

Please Read About 
•	the “Ife” on pages 475-477
•	the Benin on pages 477-479
•	Children and the Continuity of Life on pages 919-920
•	The Spirit World on pages 922-926