THE GAME
Rule 1. The Game
1-1. General 
The Game of Golf consists in playing a ball from the teeing ground into the hole by a stroke or successive strokes in accordance with the Rules. 
1-2. Exerting Influence on Ball
No player or caddie shall take any action to influence the position or the movement of a ball except in accordance with the Rules. 
(Removal of movable obstruction Ñ see Rule 24-1.) 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 1-2:
Match play - Loss of hole; Stroke play - Two strokes. 
Note: In the case of a serious breach of Rule 1-2, the Committee may impose a penalty of disqualification. 
1-3. Agreement to Waive Rules
Players shall not agree to exclude the operation of any Rule or to waive any penalty incurred. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 1-3:
Match play - Disqualification of both sides;
Stroke play - Disqualification of competitors concerned. 
(Agreeing to play out of turn in stroke play - see Rule 10-2c. 
1-4. Points Not Covered by Rules
If any point in dispute is not covered by the Rules, the decision shall be made in accordance with equity. 
Rule 2. Match Play 
2-1. Winner of Hole; Reckoning of Holes 
In match play the game is played by holes. 
Except as otherwise provided in the Rules, a hole is won by the side which holes its ball in the fewer strokes. In a handicap match the lower net score wins the hole. 
The reckoning of holes is kept by the terms: so many Òholes upÕÕ or Òall square,ÕÕ and so many Òto play.ÕÕ 
A side is ÒdormieÕÕ when it is as many holes up as there are holes remaining to be played. 
2-2. Halved Hole 
A hole is halved if each side holes out in the same number of strokes. 
When a player has holed out and his opponent has been left with a stroke for the half, if the player thereafter incurs a penalty, the hole is halved. 
2-3. Winner of Match 
A match (which consists of a stipulated round, unless otherwise decreed by the Committee) is won by the side which is leading by a number of holes greater than the number of holes remaining to be played. 
The Committee may, for the purpose of settling a tie, extend the stipulated round to as many holes as are required for a match to be won. 
2-4. Concession of Next Stroke, Hole or Match 
When the opponentÕs ball is at rest or is deemed to be at rest under Rule 16-2, the player may concede the opponent to have holed out with his next stroke and the ball may be removed by either side with a club or otherwise. 
A player may concede a hole or a match at any time prior to the conclusion of the hole or the match. 
Concession of a stroke, hole or match may not be declined or withdrawn. 
2-5. Claims 
In match play, if a doubt or dispute arises between the players and no duly authorized representative of the Committee is available within a reasonable time, the players shall continue the match without delay. Any claim, if it is to be considered by the Committee, must be made before any player in the match plays from the next teeing ground or, in the case of the last hole of the match, before all players in the match leave the putting green. 
No later claim shall be considered unless it is based on facts previously unknown to the player making the claim and the player making the claim had been given wrong information (Rules 6-2a and 9) by an opponent. In any case, no later claim shall be considered after the result of the match has been officially announced, unless the Committee is satisfied that the opponent knew he was giving wrong information. 
2-6. General Penalty 
The penalty for a breach of a Rule in match play is loss of hole except when otherwise provided. 
Rule 3. Stroke Play 
3-1. Winner 
The competitor who plays the stipulated round or rounds in the fewest strokes is the winner. 
3-2. Failure to Hole Out 
If a competitor fails to hole out at any hole and does not correct his mistake before he plays a stroke from the next teeing ground or, in the case of the last hole of the round, before he leaves the putting green, he shall be disqualified. 
3-3. Doubt as to Procedure 
a. Procedure
In stroke play only, when during play of a hole a competitor is doubtful of his rights or procedure, he may, without penalty, play a second ball. After the situation which caused the doubt has arisen, the competitor should, before taking further action, announce to his marker or a fellow-competitor his decision to invoke this Rule and the ball with which he will score if the Rules permit. 
The competitor shall report the facts to the Committee before returning his score card unless he scores the same with both balls; if he fails to do so, he shall be disqualified. 
b. Determination of Score for Hole 
If the Rules allow the procedure selected in advance by the competitor, the score with the ball selected shall be his score for the hole. 
If the competitor fails to announce in advance his decision to invoke this Rule or his selection, the score with the original ball or, if the original ball is not one of the balls being played, the first ball put into play shall count if the Rules allow the procedure adopted for such ball. 
Note 1: If a competitor plays a second ball, penalty strokes incurred solely by playing the ball ruled no to count and strokes subsequently taken with that ball shall be disregarded. 
Note 2: A second ball played under Rule 3-3 is not a provisional ball under Rule 27-2. 
3-4. Refusal to Comply with a Rule 
If a competitor refuses to comply with a Rule affecting the rights of another competitor, he shall be disqualified. 
3-5. General Penalty 
The penalty for a breach of a Rule in stroke play is two strokes except when otherwise provided. 
CLUBS AND THE BALL 
The United States Golf Association reserves the right to change the Rules and make and change the interpretations relating to clubs, balls and other implements at any time.
Rule 4. Clubs 
A player in doubt as to the conformity of a club should consult the United States Golf Association. 
A manufacturer should submit to the United States Golf Association a sample of a club which is to be manufactured for a ruling as to whether the club conforms with the Rules. If a manufacturer fails to submit a sample before manufacturing and/or marketing the club, the manufacturer assumes the risk of a ruling that the club does not conform with the Rules. Any sample submitted to the United States Golf Association will become its property for reference purposes. 
4-1. Form and Make of Clubs
a. General 
The playerÕs clubs shall conform with this Rule and the provisions, specifications and interpretations set forth in Appendix II. 
b. Wear and Alteration 
A club which conforms with the Rules when new is deemed to conform after wear through normal use. Any part of a club which has been purposely altered is regarded as new and must, in its altered state, conform with the Rules. 
4-2. Playing Characteristics Changed and Foreign Material 
a. Playing Characteristics Changed 
During a stipulated round, the playing characteristics of a club shall not be purposely changed by adjustment or by any other means. 
b. Foreign Material 
Foreign material must not be applied to the club face for the purpose of influencing the movement of the ball. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF Rule 4-1 or -2:
Disqualification. 
4-3. Damaged Clubs: Repair and Replacement 
a. Damage in Normal Course of Play 
If, during a stipulated round, a playerÕs club is damaged in the normal course of play, he may: 
(i) use the club in its damaged state for the remainder of the stipulated round; or 
(ii) without unduly delaying play, repair it or have it repaired; or 
(iii) as an additional option available only if the club is unfit for play, replace the damaged club with any club. The replacement of a club must not unduly delay play and must not be made by borrowing any club selected for play by any other person playing on the course. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 4-3a:
See Penalty Statement for Rule 4-4a or b. 
Note: A club is unfit for play if it is substantially damaged, e.g. the shaft breaks into pieces or the clubhead becomes loose, detached or significantly deformed. A club is not unfit for play solely because the shaft is bent, the clubÕs lie or loft has been altered or the clubhead is scratched. 
b. Damage Other Than in Normal Course of Play 
If, during a stipulated round, a playerÕs club is damaged other than in the normal course of play rendering it non-conforming or changing its playing characteristics, the club shall not subsequently be used or replaced during the round. 
c. Damage Prior to Round 
A player may use a club damaged prior to a round provided the club, in its damaged state, conforms with the Rules. 
Damage to a club which occurred prior to a round may be repaired during the round, provided the playing characteristics are not changed and play is not unduly delayed. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 4-3b or c:
Disqualification. 
(Undue delay Ð see Rule 6-7) 
4-4. Maximum of Fourteen Clubs 
a. Selection and Addition of Clubs 
The player shall start a stipulated round with not more than fourteen clubs. He is limited to the clubs thus selected for that round except that, if he started with fewer than fourteen clubs, he may add any number provided his total number does not exceed fourteen. 
The addition of a club or clubs must not unduly delay play (Rule 6-7) and must not be made by borrowing any club selected for play by any other person playing on the course. 
b. Partners May Share Clubs 
Partners may share clubs, provided that the total number of clubs carried by the partners so sharing does not exceed fourteen. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 4-4a OR b,
REGARDLESS OF NUMBER OF EXCESS CLUBS CARRIED: 
Match play - At the conclusion of the hole at which the breach is discovered, the state of the match shall be adjusted by deducting one hole for each hole at which a breach occurred. Maximum deduction per round: two holes. 
Stroke play - Two strokes for each hole at which any breach occurred; maximum penalty per round: four strokes. 
Bogey and par competitions - Penalties as in match play. 
Stableford competitions - see Note to Rule 32-1b. 
c. Excess Club Declared Out of Play 
Any club carried or used in breach of this Rule shall be declared out of play by the player immediately upon discovery that a breach has occurred and thereafter shall not be used by the player during the round. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 4-4c:
Disqualification. 
Rule 5. The Ball 
5-1. General 
The ball the player uses shall conform to requirements specified in Appendix III. 
Note: The Committee may require, in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1), that the ball the player uses must be named on the current List of Conforming Golf Balls issued by the United States Golf Association. 
5-2. Foreign Material 
Foreign material must not be applied to a ball for the purpose of changing its playing characteristics. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF Rule 5-1 or 5-2:
Disqualification. 
5-3. Ball Unfit for Play 
A ball is unfit for play if it is visibly cut, cracked or out of shape. A ball is not unfit for play solely because mud or other materials adhere to it, its surface is scratched or scraped or its paint is damaged or discolored. 
If a player has reason to believe his ball has become unfit for play during the play of the hole being played, he may during the play of such hole lift his ball without penalty to determine whether it is unfit. 
Before lifting the ball, the player must announce his intention to his opponent in match play or his marker or a fellow-competitor in stroke play and mark the position of the ball. He may then lift and examine the ball without cleaning it and must give his opponent, marker or fellow-competitor an opportunity to examine the ball. 
If he fails to comply with this procedure, he shall incur a penalty of one stroke. 
If it is determined that the ball has become unfit for play during play of the hole being played, the player may substitute another ball, placing it on the spot where the original ball lay. Otherwise, the original ball shall be replaced. 
If a ball breaks into pieces as a result of a stroke, the stroke shall be cancelled and the player shall play a ball without penalty as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was played (see Rule 20-5). 
*PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 5-3:
Match play - Loss of hole; Stroke play - Two strokes.
*If a player incurs the general penalty for breach of Rule 5-3, 
no additional penalty under the Rule shall be applied. 
Note: If the opponent, marker or fellow-competitor wishes to dispute a claim of unfitness, he must do so before the player plays another ball. 
(Cleaning ball lifted from putting green or under any other Rule - see Rule 21.) 

PLAYERÕS RESPONSIBILITIES 
Rule 6. The Player 
Definition
A ÒmarkerÕÕ is one who is appointed by the Committee to record a competitorÕs score in stroke play. He may be a fellow-competitor. He is not a referee. 
6-1. Rules; Conditions of Competition 
The player is responsible for knowing the Rules and the conditions under which the competition is to be played (Rule 33-1). 
6-2. Handicap 
a. Match Play
Before starting a match in a handicap competition, the players should determine from one another their respective handicaps. If a player begins the match having declared a higher handicap which would affect the number of strokes given or received, he shall be disqualified; otherwise, the player shall play off the declared handicap. 
b. Stroke Play
In any round of a handicap competition, the competitor shall ensure that his handicap is recorded on his score card before it is returned to the Committee. If no handicap is recorded on his score card before it is returned, or if the recorded handicap is higher than that to which he is entitled and this affects the number of strokes received,he shall be disqualified from the handicap competition; otherwise, the score shall stand. 
Note: It is the playerÕs responsibility to know the holes at which handicap strokes are to be given or received. 
6-3. Time of Starting and Groups 
a. Time of Starting
The player shall start at the time laid down by the Committee. 
b. Groups
In stroke play, the competitor shall remain throughout the round in the group arranged by the Committee unless the Committee authorizes or ratifies a change. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 6-3:
Disqualification. 
(Best-ball and four-ball play Ñ see Rules 30-3a and 31-2) 
Note: The Committee may provide in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1) that, if the player arrives at his starting point, ready to play, within five minutes after his starting time, in the absence of circumstances which warrant waiving the penalty of disqualification as provided in Rule 33-7, the penalty for failure to start on time is loss of the first hole in match play or two strokes at the first hole in stroke play instead of disqualification. 
6-4. Caddie 
The player may have only one caddie at any one time, under penalty of disqualification. For any breach of a Rule by his caddie, the player incurs the applicable penalty. 
6-5. Ball 
The responsibility for playing the proper ball rests with the player. Each player should put an identification mark on his ball. 
6-6. Scoring in Stroke Play 
a. Recording Scores
After each hole the marker should check the score with the competitor and record it. On completion of the round the marker shall sign the card and hand it to the competitor. If more than one marker records the scores, each shall sign for the part for which he is responsible. 
b. Signing and Returning Card
After completion of the round, the competitor should check his score for each hole and settle any doubtful points with the Committee. He shall ensure that the marker has signed the card, countersign the card himself and return it to the Committee as soon as possible. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 6-6b:
Disqualification. 
c. Alteration of Card No alteration may be made on a card after the competitor has returned it to the Committee. 
d. Wrong Score for Hole The competitor is responsible for the correctness of the score recorded for each hole on his card. If he returns a score for any hole lower than actually taken, he shall be disqualified. If he returns a score for any hole higher than actually taken, the score as returned shall stand. 
Note 1: The Committee is responsible for the addition of scores and application of the handicap recorded on the card Ñ see Rule 33-5. 
Note 2: In four-ball stroke play, see alsoRule 31-4 and -7a. 
6-7. Undue Delay; Slow Play 
The player shall play without undue delay and in accordance with any pace of play guidelines which may be laid down by the Committee. Between completion of a hole and playing from the next teeing ground, the player shall not unduly delay play. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 6-7:
Match play Ñ Loss of hole; Stroke play Ñ Two strokes.
Bogey and par competitions Ñ See Note 2 to Rule 32-1a.
Stableford competitions Ñ See Note 2 to Rule 32-1b.
For subsequent offense Ñ Disqualification. 
Note 1: If the player unduly delays play between holes, he is delaying the play of the next hole and, except for bogey, par and stableford competitions (see Rule 32), the penalty applies to that hole. 
Note 2: For the purpose of preventing slow play, the Committee may, in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1), lay down pace of play guidelines including maximum periods of time allowed to complete a stipulated round, a hole or a stroke. In stroke play only, the Committee may, in such a condition, modify the penalty for a breach of this Rule as follows: 
First offense Ñ One stroke;
Second offense Ñ Two strokes.
For subsequent offense Ñ Disqualification. 
6-8. Discontinuance of Play; Resumption of Play 
a. When Permitted
The player shall not discontinue play unless: 
i.	the Committee has suspended play; 
ii.	he believes there is danger from lightning; 
iii.	he is seeking a decision from the Committee on a doubtful or disputed point (see Rules 2-5 and 34-3); or 
iv.	there is some other good reason such as sudden illness. 
Bad weather is not of itself a good reason for discontinuing play. If the player discontinues play without specific permission from the Committee, he shall report to the Committee as soon as practicable. If he does so and the Committee considers his reason satisfactory, the player incurs no penalty. Otherwise, the player shall be disqualified. 
Exception in match play: Players discontinuing match play by agreement are not subject to disqualification unless by so doing the competition is delayed. 
Note: Leaving the course does not of itself constitute discontinuance of play. 
b. Procedure When Play Suspended By Committee
When play is suspended by the Committee, if the players in a match or group are between the play of two holes, they shall not resume play until the Committee has ordered a resumption of play. If they are in the process of playing a hole, they may continue provided they do so without delay. If they choose to continue, they shall discontinue either before or immediately after completing the hole. The players shall resume play when the Committee has ordered a resumption of play. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 6-8b:
Disqualification. 
Note: The Committee may provide in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1) that, in potentially dangerous situations, play shall be discontinued immediately following a suspension of play by the Committee. If a player fails to discontinue play immediately, he shall be disqualified unless circumstances warrant waiving such penalty as provided in Rule 33-7. 
c. Lifting Ball When Play Discontinued
When a player discontinues play of a hole under Rule 6-8a, he may lift his ball without penalty only if the Committee has suspended play or there is a good reason to lift it. Before lifting the ball the player must mark its position. If the player discontinues play and lifts his ball without specific permission from the Committee, when reporting to the Committee (Rule 6-8a), he shall, at that time, report the lifting of the ball. 
If the player lifts the ball without a good reason to do so, fails to mark the position of the ball before lifting it or fails to report the lifting of the ball, he shall incur a penalty of one stroke. 
d. Procedure When Play Resumed Play shall be resumed from where it was discontinued, even if resumption occurs on a subsequent day. The player shall, either before or when play is resumed, proceed as follows: 
i.	if the player has lifted the ball, he shall, provided he was entitled to lift it under Rules 6-8c, place a ball on the spot from which the original ball was lifted. Otherwise, the original ball must be replaced; 
ii.	if the player entitled to lift his ball under Rule 6-8c has not done so, he may lift, clean and replace the ball, or substitute a ball on the spot from which the original ball was lifted. Before lifting the ball he must mark its position; or 
iii.	if the playerÕs ball or ball-marker is moved (including by wind or water) while play is discontinued, a ball or ball-marker shall be placed on the spot from which the original ball or ball-marker was moved. 
(Spot not determinable Ð Rule 20-3c.) 
*PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 6-8c or d:
Match play Ð Loss of hole; Stroke play Ð Two strokes.
*If a player incurs the general penalty for a breach of Rule 6-8d, 
no additional penalty under Rule 6-8c shall be applied. 
Rule 7. Practice 
Definition
The ÒcourseÕÕ is the whole area within which play is permitted (see Rule 33-2). 
7-1. Before or Between Rounds 
a. Match Play 
On any day of a match play competition, a player may practice on the competition course before a round. 
b. Stroke Play 
On any day of a stroke competition or play-off, a competitor shall not practice on the competition course or test the surface of any putting green on the course before a round or play-off. When two or more rounds of a stroke competition are to be played over consecutive days, practice between those rounds on any competition course remaining to be played, or testing the surface of any putting green on such course, is prohibited. 
Exception: Practice putting or chipping on or near the first teeing ground before starting a round or play-off is permitted. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 7-1b:
Disqualification.
Note: The Committee may in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1) prohibit practice on the competition course on any day of a match play competition or permit practice on the competition course or part of the course (Rule 33-2c) on any day of or between rounds of a stroke competition. 
7-2. During Round 
A player shall not play a practice stroke either during the play of a hole or between the play of two holes except that, between the play of two holes, the player may practice putting or chipping on or near the putting green of the hole last played, any practice putting green or the teeing ground of the next hole to be played in the round, provided such practice stroke is not played from a hazard and does not unduly delay play (Rule 6-7). 
Strokes played in continuing the play of a hole, the result of which has been decided, are not practice strokes. 
Exception: When play has been suspended by the Committee, a player may, prior to resumption of play, practice (a) as provided in this Rule, (b) anywhere other than on the competition course and (c) as otherwise permitted by the Committee. 
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 7-2:
Match play Ñ Loss of hole; Stroke play Ñ Two strokes.
In the event of a breach between the play of two holes, the penalty applies to the next hole. 
Note 1: A practice swing is not a practice stroke and may be taken at any place, provided the player does not breach the Rules. 
Note 2: The Committee may prohibit practice on or near the putting green of the hole last played. 
Rule 8. Advice; Indicating Line of Play 
Definition
ÒAdviceÕÕ is any counsel or suggestion which could influence a player in determining his play, the choice of a club or the method of making a stroke. 
Information on the Rules or on matters of public information, such as the position of hazards or the flagstick on the putting green, is not advice. 
The Òline of playÕÕ is the direction which the player wishes his ball to take after a stroke, plus a reasonable distance on either side of the intended direction. The line of play extends vertically upwards from the ground, but does not extend beyond the hole. 
8-1. Advice 
During a stipulated round, a player shall not give advice to anyone in the competition except his partner and may ask for advice only from his partner or either of their caddies. 
8-2. Indicating Line of Play
a. Other Than On Putting Green
Except on the putting green, a player may have the line of play indicated to him by anyone, but no one shall be positioned by the player on or close to the line or an extension of the line beyond the hole while the stroke is being played. Any mark placed during the play of a hole by the player or with his knowledge to indicate the line shall be removed before the stroke is played. 
Exception: Flagstick attended or held up Ñ see Rule 17-1. 
b. On the Putting Green 
When the playerÕs ball is on the putting green, the player, his partner or either of their caddies may, before but not during the stroke, point out a line for putting, but in so doing the putting green shall not be touched. No mark shall be placed anywhere to indicate a line for putting. 
Penalty for Breach of Rule:
Match play Ñ Loss of hole; Stroke play Ñ Two strokes. 
Note: The Committee may, in the conditions of a team competition (Rule 33-1), permit each team to appoint one person who may give advice (including pointing out a line for putting) to members of that team. The Committee may lay down conditions relating to the appointment and permitted conduct of such person, who must be identified to the Committee before giving advice.